Sepia Saturday: burglary

This week's Sepia Saturday prompt picture reminded me of a story my grandmother Kathleen told about her parents returning home one evening and finding a burglar in the house.

Musee McCord Museum : Alexander Ramsay's Paint Store, Recollet Street, Montreal, QC, 1868. The left hand image is a detail from the big picture.

My father also retold the story in his biography of Arthur Murray Cudmore (1870-1951), part of Chapter 7 of For the Love of the Land: The History of the Cudmore Family, compiled by Elsie Ritchie in 2000.

A man broke in [at home] but was disturbed by the family returning. The intruder took refuge under a bed on the upper floor, but his hiding place could be seen from the doorway because of a mirror. "Arthur, get your gun!" urged his wife. "You can't shoot a man when he's under a bed", was the reply. Rather than await the outcome of the debate, the burglar jumped through the window, slid down a connecting roof and made his escape. The few pieces he had taken were recovered later.

The house of my great grandparents at 64 Pennington Terrace North Adelaide. Photograph  from Google Streetview.

The incident was reported in the local newspaper, though the story was a little bit different from my father's account.

ROBBERIES REPORTED CLEARED UP (1931, July 7). Advertiser and Register (Adelaide, SA : 1931), p. 9. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article35671047

HOUSEBREAKING ADMITTED (1931, July 16). Advertiser and Register (Adelaide, SA : 1931), p. 10. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article35673028

Six years later there was another burglary from my great grandparents' house.

THIEVES POSE AS PLUMBERS (1937, May 27). Chronicle (Adelaide, SA : 1895 - 1954), p. 44. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92483295

Sepia Saturday: street photography

This week's Sepia Saturday prompt photograph is of an itinerant photographer.

ITINERANT PHOTOGRAPHER IN COLUMBUS OHIO (1938) : LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (via FLICKR)

Among my mother in law's photographs is one of her and her sister Violet Buckley in about 1943, probably taken by a street photographer.

Marjorie and Violet about 1943

Stella Violet Sullivan (1914-2005), known as Violet, was the oldest daughter ofArthur Sullivan (1891-1975) and his wife Stella Esther Gilbert Sullivan née Dawson (1894-1975).

Violet had five siblings:

• Lillian Mavis Sullivan (1915-2009)
• Arthur Stanley Sullivan (1919-2014)
• Marjorie Winifred Young née Sullivan (1920-2007)
• Royle Lawrence Sullivan (1926-2009)
• Gwendolyn Phyllis Sullivan (1933-1935).

Violet married John Arthur Buckley (1908-1958) in 1938. In 1960 she married again, to Stanley Norman James Spicer (1909-1990).

In 1942 Violet was living at her parents' house at 9 Bowden Street, Castlemaine. Her occupation on the electoral roll was home duties.  Violet's husband had enlisted in the Australian Army on 27 February 1942. He was discharged in March 1946.

About 1941 Marjorie left home in Castlemaine to live in Melbourne, where she found a job as a weaver. In 1943 she was living at 59 Osborne Street, Williamstown. Marjorie married in 1944.

This photograph of the sisters is from those years when street photographers operated. It was sometimes controversial and banned in some places, for example Newcastle, New South Wales in 1942.

PHOTOS IN STREETS BANNED (1942, December 8). The Newcastle Sun (NSW : 1918 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article167573927

Sepia Saturday blogger Scotsue described her experiences of street photographers in the 1950s.

This  week's Sepia Saturday photo prompt awoke my  memories of  seaside holidays and the photographers who plied  their trade along the promenades,  taking snapshots of people strolling by - hence the term  "walkies"  - as opposed to the current trend for   "selfies"!  
You paid money and either collected  the photographs later at  a kiosk, or could arrange for them to be posted home to you - just hoping they would arrive and this wasn't  what we now call a "scam".  We often did our best to dodge the photographersand not get caught by their hard sell.  

I was interested to read how the system worked and amused by the idea of dodging the street photographers. It reminds me of the photographers on cruise ships and in shopping malls taking pictures of children with Santa Claus.

William Smith Daw (1810 - 1877)

This week's Sepia Saturday prompt image is of a water mill in Wales.

My husband's great great great grandfather, William Smith Daw (1810 - 1877) was a miller. In 1841 he lived at Upcott Mill, near Sheepwash, Devon.

1841 census of England: Class: HO107; Piece: 244; Book: 10; Civil Parish: Sheepwash; County: Devon; Enumeration District: 3; Folio: 4; Page: 3; Line: 5; GSU roll: 241320 retrieved from ancestry.com

He and his wife Mary had five children aged between 6 months and 9 years.  One was my husband's great great grandmother Sarah (1837 - 1895).

When I was looking for information about the Sheepwash mill, Gary from Sheepwash told me that the mill site now had only ruined buildings. He referred me to the 1839 tithe apportionments and map, and pointed out that millers tended to move around quite a bit as they rarely owned their own mills.

In 1839 Upcott Mill at Sheepwash was owned by the Reverend William Bickford Coham and George Coham Esquire who seem to have owned considerable amounts of land  in the area. The Tithe apportionment shows a number of fields and an orchard associated with the mill.

1839 tithe apportionment for Sheepwash, Devon page 20 showing Upcott Mill from http://files.devon.gov.uk/tithe/sheepwash.pdf (click to enlarge image)

1839 Tithe map for Sheepwash, Devon showing the fields associated with Upcott Mill. The tithe map is available through http://www.devon.gov.uk/tithemaps.htm . The highlighting was done by Gary, a resident of Sheepwash.

The location of Upcott Mill north of the village of Sheepwash on Mussel Brook can be seen from the full map and can be compared with Google maps.

In 1851 the Daw family were at Wendron, Cornwall, just over 80 miles south-west of Sheepwash.  In the 1851 census William Daw was described as a miller and farmer of 25 acres.

1851 census of England: Class: HO107; Piece: 1912; Folio: 158; Page: 13; GSU roll: 221066.retrieved from ancestry.com

Confirmation that it is the same family is obtained from the birthplaces. For example, Elizabeth aged 11 in 1851 was born in "Shipwash", Devon.

The family moved to Cornwall about 1844. Honor, aged 8 in 1851, was born in North Tawton, Devon. Louisa, aged 6 in 1851, was born in Helston, Cornwall.

Trelubis, also written Trelubbas, was a hamlet midway between Helston and Wendron near Trannack,. It is not marked on Googlemaps.

Trelubis near Wendron and Helston from Ordnance Survey First Series, Sheet 31 retrieved from Vision of Britain Historical Maps

The 1876 Ordnance Survey map gives more detail, though I am not sure where the mill at Trelubis was. Perhaps it was the mill immediately above the label 'Lower Town'.

Trelubbas near Trannack from Ordnance Survey Cornwall LXXVI.NW - OS Six-Inch Map first published 1876. Retrieved from National Library of Scotland http://maps.nls.uk/view/101439575  Reproduced with the permission of the National Library of Scotland

In November 1851 there was an accident at the mill, serious but not fatal:

SERIOUS ACCIDENT ­ On Thursday the 13th instant, as a little girl named BISHOP was amusing herself by putting straws into a thrashing machine, situate at the back of Mr. DAWE's Flour Mills, at Lower Town, near Helston, her arm got entangled in the machine, and was torn off just below the elbow. Medical assistance was promptly obtains, and amputation above the elbow joint being necessary it was performed by Messrs. BORLASE and ROSKRUGE, and the child is doing well. Not many minutes before the accident Mr. Dawe had sent her out of the building, but she had returned unobserved. (I am not sure which newspaper this comes from. This item is in the newspaper collection of Sheila Pryor.)

In 1853 the Daw's youngest child Sophia was drowned. She was just 14 months old.

Royal Cornwall Gazette - Truro Cornwall 3 June 1853  page 5 retrieved from FindMyPast
Image reproduced with kind permission of The British Newspaper Archive (www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk) © THE BRITISH LIBRARY BOARD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Another newspaper report of 3 June 1853

On Tuesday, a little girl, daughter of Mr. DAWE, miller, of Lowertown, in Wendren, came by her death in a most melancholy manner. The child who was only fourteen months old, was suddenly missed, and there being a river running in front of Mr. Daw's house by which the mill is worked, search was immediately made, and after an hour and a half, the body was found in a pit at the bottom of the river, having previously passed over the mill wheel, under two bridges, and down the stream a considerable distance. (Newspaper item in the collection of Sheila Pryor.)

I learned from the family history website of  Lorna Henderson, my husband's 5th cousin,  (http://familytree.lornahen.com/pi27.htm ) that the Daw family were millers in a number of places in Devon and Cornwall. Lorna was trying to work out which family members might be pictured in a photograph that her grandmother had of Lumburn Mill, Tavistock, West Devon.

I still have much research to do on this generation of the family.

Sepia Saturday 329: shepherding near Murrumburrah, New South Wales

This week's Sepia Saturday image is of a shepherd, photographed by Joseph Gale in the 1890s. The title of the photograph, Ninety and Nine, refers to the Parable of the Lost Sheep told in both Luke 15: 3-7 and Matthew 18:12-14. In the parable a shepherd leaves his flock of ninety-nine sheep to search for one that is lost.

John Way (1835-1911), my husband's great great grandfather worked as a shepherd in New South Wales in the 1860s.

We know from the birth and death certificates of his children what jobs John Way had.

In 1859 when his daughter Mary Jane died in the Melbourne inner city suburb of Collingwood,  John was a labourer.

In 1865 when his daughter Elizabeth was born at Brittons Dam Station, Kitticara near Murrumburrah, John was a shepherd.

I have been unable to find a birth certificate for the birth in 1863 of Sarah Jane Way. All other documentation states she was born at Barbara / Bobbarah Creek near Murrumburrah. I suspect that John would have been working as a shepherd then too.

Bobbarah Creek is probably close to Binalong.  There is a Mount Bobbara just under 7km from Binalong.

Mt Bobbara near Binalong July 2007

the road near Mt Bobbara July 2007

In 1868 when his daughter Emily was born in Grenfell, New South Wales, John was working as a sawyer.

It seems that for some years between 1859 and 1868 John Way worked as a shepherd on properties near Murrumburrah, New South Wales. At 560 km north-east of Melbourne, it was a long way from Collingwood.

Perhaps John and Sarah Way answered an advertisement like this one, which appeared in the Sydney Morning Herald in September 1859 seeking a married couple, Scotch or English, to shepherd two flocks.
.

In the early 1860s there were few fences, and men were employed as shepherds. Fencing became more widespread during the decade, and by the mid-1880s, over ninety-five per cent of sheep in New South Wales were in fenced paddocks. The use of wire fences was spreading rapidly, and the cost of fences was falling.

A shepherd's hut in South Australia

Sweet, Samuel White (1869). Shepherds hut.Retrieved from Trove http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/22433904

"Shepherding" in Australia. Wood engraving published in The Australian news for home readers 25 May 1864. Image from the State Library of Victoria.

Gill, Samuel Thomas & Hamel & Ferguson (1864). Homeward bound. Printed in colors by Hamel & Ferguson, Melbourne. Retrieved from the National Library of Australia.

Further reading

• Pickard, John. Cambridge University Press; 2007. The Transition from shepherding to fencing in colonial Australia.  Retrieved from http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6065

Related post

•  Mapping the birthplaces of the children of John Way and Sarah née Daw

Kanu-Club Wannsee

My maternal grandparents, Hans Boltz (1910-1992) and Charlotte Manock (1912-1988), were members of the Kanu-Club Wannsee in Berlin before they were married.  The following pictures are photos from their photo album.

Wannsee is in the south-west of Berlin, Germany. The River Havel forms two lakes separated by a bridge: the Großer Wannsee (Greater Wannsee) and the Kleiner Wannsee (Little Wannsee).  There is still a Wannseer Kanu-Club located on the Kleiner Wannsee which takes canoe hiking trips.

Kanu-Club Wannsee 1931

1931- Hans Boltz is in the middle back (wearing glasses)

Hans Boltz is second from the front

1935

Kanu-Club Wannsee 1935

waterfight

Hans Boltz is in overcoat with glasses

Charlotte Manock at the Kanu-Club

Hans and Charlotte

camping with canoes

Charlotte camping

Charlotte camping

canoes in a lock

Charlotte

This week's Sepia Saturday blogging theme is Robinson Crusoe. There seems to be some mention of canoes in the novel giving my post a tenuous link to the theme.

A run on the bank in Beaufort

This week's Sepia Saturday picture is a prompt for the topic of banking.


There are several bankers in my family tree. One of them is my great great grandfather Edward Walter Hughes (1854-1922).

E. W. Hughes from Hudson, Helen Lesley Cherry stones : adventures in genealogy of Taylor, Hutcheson, Hawkins of Scotland, Plaisted, Green, Hughes of England and Wales ... who immigrated to Australia between 1822 and 1850. H.L. Hudson, [Berwick] Vic, 1985.page 81.

Edward Hughes was manager of the Bank of Victoria at Beaufort, Victoria, 50 km from Ballarat. In 1883 when he married at the age of 29, Hughes was working with the Bank of Victoria, though possibly not, so far as I know, at its Beaufort branch. In 1906 he was manager of the Beaufort branch when his daughter Beatrix, my great grandmother, married. His son Vyvyan was born in Beaufort in 1888 but his son Reginald was born in Essendon, Melbourne, in 1886, so I assume Edward Hughes moved to Beaufort about 1887. He retired from his job of bank manager in Beaufort in 1919 due to ill health.

Bank of Victoria, Beaufort, 1890s - from Museum Victoria Reg. No: MM 001094

In mid-April 1893, while Hughes was manager at Beaufort, there was a run on the bank. The branch at Beaufort ran out of bullion and Mr Hughes travelled to Ballarat by the 2 p.m. train for more gold.

A DEMAND FOR GOLD. (1893, April 14). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 5. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article193438039

THE BENDIGO ADVERTISER. (1893, April 15). Bendigo Advertiser (Vic. : 1855 - 1918), p. 4. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88966637

When I think of a bank run I think of the scene from the film  of Mary Poppins when Michael wants to keep his tuppence to feed the birds.

There was a report that the bank declined to take deposits from some of their customers who had withdrawn their funds at the time of the run.

The Portland Guardian (1893, April 19). Portland Guardian (Vic. : 1876 - 1953), p. 2 Edition: EVENING. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65442835

The Beaufort depositors in the Bank of Victoria were right to be wary .  On 28 January 1893 the Federal Bank of Australia in Melbourne had run out of cash and closed. On 4 April the Commercial Bank of Australia, then one of Australia's largest, suspended operations. Twelve other banks  followed in quick succession and depositors struggled to retrieve their savings.

On Sunday 30 April the Victorian Cabinet met and in an attempt to manage the financial crisis, decided to close all banks for the following week.

The Oxford Companion to Australian History summarises the crisis:

The drying up of British capital inflow after the Baring crisis of 1890 spelt the end of the over-extended financial system. As asset prices fell and borrowers defaulted, the lending institutions came under pressure.The fringe financiers fell first. Eventually, the banks too began to experience financial losses, falling share prices, and panicking depositors. Thirteen of Australia's 22 banks closed their doors in 1893. All but two reopened within the year. However, all of the survivors had been forced to reconstruct.(page 58)

On 1 May 1893 the Bank of Victoria and other Victorian banks closed their doors for a week.

THE FINANCIAL CRISIS. (1893, May 2). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 5. Retrieved  from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article193419212

The Bank of Victoria re-opened at 2.30 on Wednesday 3 May. (SITUATION IN MELBOURNE. (1893, May 4). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 5. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article193417046)

On 12 May the shareholders and depositors of the Bank of Victoria approved a scheme of reconstruction. (THE BANK OF VICTORIA. (1893, May 13). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 15. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article193419451 LARGE MEETING OF DEPOSITORS. (1893, May 13). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 15. Retrieved  from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article193419452)


E. W. Hughes retired in 1919 aged 65. He died in 1922 in Melbourne.

What People are Saying and Doing. (1919, November 13). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 6. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146472785

I had trouble identifying the building of the former Beaufort Bank of Victoria. In the twentieth century the building, in Havelock Street, was converted to a Masonic Hall. A parapet was added incorporating the Masonic device of a square and set of compasses.  The building has since been subdivided into three flats and sold.

16 Havelock Street Beaufort from Google street view as at February 2010

The Bank of Victoria merged with the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney in 1927. The CBC merged with the National Australia Bank in 1982.


Sources

• Hudson, Helen Lesley Cherry stones : adventures in genealogy of Taylor, Hutcheson, Hawkins of Scotland, Plaisted, Green, Hughes of England and Wales ... who immigrated to Australia between 1822 and 1850. H.L. Hudson, [Berwick] Vic, 1985.
• Foster, S. G. (Stephen Glynn), 1948-, Aplin, G. J. (Graeme John) and McKernan, Michael, 1945- Australians, events and places. Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates, Broadway, N.S.W, 1987.  
• Davison, Graeme, 1940-, Macintyre, Stuart, 1947- and Hirst, J. B. (John Bradley), 1942- The Oxford companion to Australian history. Oxford University Press, Melbourne ; Oxford, 1999. 
  
• Wikipedia contributors, "Australian banking crisis of 1893," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_banking_crisis_of_1893 (accessed August 14, 2015). 

Related posts

• K is for Kanatte General Cemetery in Colombo concerning Vyvyan, son of E. W. Hughes, who was born in Beaufort and grew up there. Vyvyan died during World War 1.
• Wednesday Wedding : 11 September 1906 de Crespigny and Hughes  the wedding of Beatrix, only daughter of E. W. Hughes, at Beaufort
• The Bank of Victoria in Collins Street concerning another of my great great grandfathers, Philip de Crespigny, who also worked for the Bank of Victoria

Tropical Hotel - Kissimmee, Florida

This week's Sepia Saturday prompt is an elegant view of a hotel.

In his 1910 book Forty Years of a Sportsman's Life, Sir Claude de Crespigny (1847 - 1935), my fourth cousin three times removed, mentions his 1887 visit to the Tropical Hotel Kissimmee, Florida.

View of the Tropical Hotel - Kissimmee, Florida, 1890s, retrieved from State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory, https://floridamemory.com/items/show/26138

Sir Claude also mentions the Ponce de León Hotel, St Augustine, Florida. The hotel was  completed in 1887. Sir Claude would have been one of its first guests.

Ponce de Leon Hotel - St. Augustine, Florida, 1893, retrieved from State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory, https://floridamemory.com/items/show/147777

"Hotel Ponce de Leon, St. Augustine, Florida", postcard about 1909, retrieved from Wikipedia

From Chapter 7 of his book:

In these days of universal travel it is a difficult matter to strike what may be termed new ground. Indeed, it is almost impossible, and the nearest approach one can make to novelty is to pick out the spots least frequented by those two ubiquitous specimens of humanity, the sportsman and the British tourist. Bearing this in mind, and having received an invitation from an ex-sailor, I determined on a short tour through Florida, with Cuba to follow. So having written to S--- to meet me at Douglass's Tropical Hotel at Kissimmee, set about collecting my impedimenta, and engaged a berth by the Cunard boat from Liverpool to New York. Of course there are many ways of getting to the Stars and Stripes, and the traveller can have his choice of which line he will elect to travel by. Mine fell on the Cunarder, and there was no cause to repent it ; everything on board was most comfortable, and with fine weather we made a rapid passage, arriving at Sandy Hook almost before we had well cleared the Mersey — at least so it seemed.

From New York there is again a choice of routes. You can take the luxurious vestibule train or the steamer to Jacksonville, where it will not be amiss to spend a couple of days at St. Augustine, in the palatial hotel, Ponce de Leon, built after the style of old Moorish architecture. From Jacksonville you will take the train to Kissimmee ; or, better still perhaps, the steamer down St. John's River to Sandford, and then on by rail.

Arrived at Kissimmee, Mr. Douglass will, assuming that he is still in the land of the living, make you thoroughly comfortable in the Tropical Hotel at an exceedingly moderate outlay, and will put you in the way of obtaining either a steamer or boat to the best sporting ground, which is in the neighbourhood of Fort Bassenger and Lake Arbuckle.

On arrival at Kissimmee, I found all arrangements had been made by S--- , who had also got punt and everything in readiness so that there was nothing for me to do but overhaul the shooting-irons and kit, and prepare for a start. While on the subject of shooting-kits, it may be mentioned there is no necessity to bring out cartridges, as a gun- maker in Kissimmee, called Farringdon, can supply every requisite ; and, what is more, is particularly careful in loading. When ordering cartridges I found American wood powder by far the best, and can recommend it strongly. Flannel is the best material for clothing, and a stock of quinine should not be forgotten. These, however, are details.

On Tuesday, December 13, we left St. Elmo at 7.15 a.m., arrived at the south end of Lake Tohopekaliga at 1 p.m., and passing quickly through the canal into Lake Cypress, and on through a second canal, came into Lake Hatchineha, just as daylight was vanishing. Here we were lucky enough to hit off a sandbank studded with oak copse, and dry wood being plentiful, soon had our camp fire under way, and supper. The whiff of tobacco, and glass of Bourbon whisky which followed the evening meal, were both mighty acceptable, for we had had nine hours' hard rowing under a blazing sun, and were both fairly tired out. At least I can answer for it that it was with a feeling of deep satisfaction I curled myself up in my blankets for the night, and was quickly lulled to sleep by a chorus of frogs, with the occasional " ouf, ouf! " of a somewhat consumptive alligator.

Map showing Kissimmee and St Augustine, Florida

I was thinking of Sir Claude this week, following the sad news of a lion being shot for sport in Africa.  Sir Claude was an active hunter who killed many animals for his own amusement.

Rhino shot by Sir Claude Champion de Crespigny from opposite page 291 of Forty Years of a Sportsman's Life

Trophies at Champion Lodge from opposite page 295 of Forty Years

I deplore game shooting. I can't understand why people want to kill animals for sport, now or a hundred years ago.

An article by J A Mangan and Callum McKenzie in the International Journal of the History of Sport about the Shikar Club, offers some clues as to why Sir Claude was so keen on hunting:

Patriotism obsessed de Crespigny. He was of the view that every able-bodied Briton had an obligation to defend his country and could not be considered a ‘man’ till he had done so. He practised what he preached. He served in both the Royal Navy (1860–5) and the Army, (1866–70) and later, despite his advancing years, was keen to play an active part in the Boer War. Sporting pleasures and military duties, in his rigid opinion, went hand in hand. Hunting was an ideal training for warfare. He was dismissively contemptuous of all ‘gentlemen of England now abed’ types. He likened such ‘feather-bed aristocrats’, particularly those who declined military duty, to effeminate French aristocracy, and, considered they had no place in the English social hierarchy. His son’s military success was, in his certain view, the result of the family’s predilection for hunting: ‘Men who have been good sportsmen at home are the men who will do best and show the greatest amount of resource when on active service.’ (page 258 of Forty Years) De Crespigny was a pragmatist as well as patriot. Hunting was more than training for war, as noted elsewhere; it assisted military promotion and to this end, de Crespigny used it as a means of consolidating friendships with high-ranking military officials and useful politicians.

In Florida Sir Claude shot and wounded a moccasin snake, bagged half a dozen snipe (for eating), fruitlessly tramped after deer and turkey, but later seems to have shot some venison for eating. (pages 188-193 of Forty Years)

Reference:

• (2008) Imperial Masculinity Institutionalized: The Shikar Club, The International
  Journal of the History of Sport, 25:9, 1218-1242, DOI:
  10.1080/09523360802166162 retrieved through the State Library of Victoria eJournals service - link :http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360802166162

Similar text appears in Mangan, J. A. Reformers, Sport, Modernizers: Middle-class Revolutionaries. : Routledge, 2013. viewable in Google books https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xedSAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA186. Also in Mangan, J. A. and Callum McKenzie Militarism, Hunting, Imperialism: 'Blooding' The Martial Male. : Routledge, 2013. viewable in Google books https://books.google.com.au/books?id=9TmPAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA168

Note the article, and the books, incorrectly refers to Sir Claude as a Brigadier-General. The fourth baronet did not achieve that rank. His son, Sir Claude Raul Champion de Crespigny, the fifth baronet, was a brigadier-general.