Showing posts with label Scotland. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Scotland. Show all posts

Wednesday, 26 April 2017

V is for Valleyfield in Van Diemen's Land

The first of my forebears to migrate to Australia was my fifth  great grandfather George Taylor (1758 - 1828), who arrived in Tasmania, then known as Van Diemen's Land, in 1823. With him was his wife Mary née Low (1765 -1850) and some of his family. My fourth great grandmother, his daughter, Isabella Hutcheson née Taylor (1794-1876), followed ten years later, arriving about 1833.


"Valleyfield" Epping Tas. The "Taylors" have lived here for over 100 years. , about 1914 - about 1941 Photograph in the collection of the State Library of Victoria. Accession number H22546. A.C. Dreier postcard collection. Retrieved from 
https://www.slv.vic.gov.au/pictoria/gid/slv-pic-aab47005

The Taylor family's arrival in Hobart on the Princess Charlotte on 10 January 1823 was reported in the Sydney Gazette. George Taylor's son, Robert, wrote a diary about their four-month voyage, mostly concerned with the weather. (Helen Hudson, a Taylor family descendant, covers the Taylor's voyage in her family history book Cherry Stones, basing her account on Robert's diary.)

MAGISTRATE FOR THE WEEK—JOHN PIPER, Esq. (1823, February 13). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2181641


George Taylor received a grant of land about 30 miles south of Launceston on the Macquarie River. He named his property 'Valley-Field'. Three of his sons, George, David, and Robert, received grants of land nearby.



The land grant to George Taylor senior signed 30 June 1823 by Governor Brisbane. Image retrieved from ancestry.com (Copies of land grants issued 1804-1823. LSD354. Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Tasmania, Australia.)



In January 1923 and January 1973 there were large family reunions to celebrate the anniversary of the arrival of the Taylor family in Australia.

After 182 years in the Taylor family the Valleyfield property was sold in 2005.

Further reading


Related posts

Saturday, 8 April 2017

G is for Gretna Green

Eliza Champion Crespigny (1784-1831), my 5th great aunt, was the 11th of 14 children of my 5th great grandfather Philip Champion Crespigny (1738-1803), second of four children by his fourth wife Dorothy Scott (1765-1837). Eliza was born on 29 July 1784 at Hintlesham Hall, Suffolk, ten miles from Ipswich in the east of England. Three of her half-siblings had died before she was born. At the time of her birth, her father was a member of Parliament for the seat of Aldeburgh.

Eliza's father died on 1 January 1803 and his wife married Sir John Keane on 27 March 1804. 1804 seems to have been a year of changes for the de Crespigny family.
  • On May 19 1804, at the age of twenty-one, by purchase George became an ensign, a regiment's lowest-ranking officer, in the 13th Regiment of Foot.
  • On 17 July 1804, at the age of twenty-eight, Maria married John Horsley Esquire, a Captain of Royal Horse Guards at St George's, Canterbury.
  • Eliza, aged twenty, eloped with Richard Hussey Vivian (1775-1842) and they married at Gretna Green on 14 September 1804.


record of marriage of Richard Hussey Vivian to Eliza Champion Crespigny from the Gretna Green marriage register retrieved through ancestry.com. Original data: “The Lang Collection of Gretna Green Marriages Records.”

Eliza and Richard had five children

  • Charles Crespigny Vivian 1808–1886 
  • Charlotte Elizabeth Vivian 1815–1877 
  • John Cranch Walker Vivian 1818–1879 
  • Jane Frances Anne Vivian 1824–1860 
  • Georgina Agnes Augusta Vivian 1828–1835

Richard Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian, by William Salter (died 1875). Portrait in the National Portrait Gallery, London.


Richard, later Sir Hussey Vivian, joined the army in 1793 and had a successful career. He served in Flanders and the Netherlands. In 1800 he was promoted to Major and served in the Peninsular War. On 20 September 1804, one week after his Gretna Green marriage, Richard was promoted lieutenant-colonel in the 25th light dragoons, but he never never joined the regiment, and on 1 December exchanged back into the 7th light dragoons. He was an aide-de-campe to the Prince Regent and was promoted to Major General in 1814. In 1815 he was made Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.

Vivian served at Waterloo; the account in Wikipedia summarises his achievements in that battle:
After the enemy were repulsed, Vivian's hussars made the final charge of the day between Hougomont and La Haye Sainte, sweeping the Middle Guard and Line units before them before breaking upon the squares of the Old Guard, which they soon learned to avoid. This service was rewarded by the thanks of both houses of Parliament, an award of the KCH (Royal Guelphic Order from the House of Hannover), and the Orders of Maria Theresa and St. Vladimir from the emperors of Austria and Russia.

After the war, Vivian entered politics and sat in Parliament from 1821 to 1831. The History of Parliament states that Vivian described his wife as:

‘violent, jealous and touchy, but she has a good heart at bottom and is open and honourable to an extreme’.
The History of Parliament also quotes a description of Lady Vivian and her husband by Mrs Arbuthnot, whose stepson later married Charlotte, the Vivian's oldest daughter. Mrs Arbutnot described the couple:
a very pretty woman, a great coquette ... [who] practises her art with great success on my eldest brother ... I don’t like her at all, for she is the most complete Mrs. Candour I have ever met with, and an amazing gossip. He is a good-natured, rough hussar.

In June 1830 Eliza became ill and Vivian left his parliamentary business, despite at that time Parliament considering a proposed legislative restriction on smoke emissions from factories; the legislation posed a threat to the Hafod copper works, a Vivian family business. At the time Vivian also wished to sell his house, Beechwood House, near Lyndhurst in Hampshire as it was considered too damp for his wife's good.

Vivian was offered an appointment to command the forces in Ireland and to leave Parliament. However, he initially turned down the Irish appointment on account of his wife's health. He wrote to his brother:
‘in poor Eliza’s dreadful state I can think of but one thing’. The following day, contemplating her inevitable early death, which would leave him with ‘three motherless girls’, he confided to [his brother] John Henry:
I sometimes think I shall give up Ireland altogether and go abroad with my whole family for two or three years. In short, I know not what to think or determine on. It is a grievous affliction to look forward to, but it must come ere long.

He left Parliament and withdrew from politics on account of the desperate condition of his wife, who died five months later aged 47.

Following her death, Vivian took on the Irish command of the forces and remarried in 1833. Vivian died in 1842.

Sources


Related posts

Wednesday, 7 January 2015

52 ancestors: 1839 arrival in Australia of Samuel Proudfoot Hawkins (1819-1867)

This year I will be taking part in the 52 ancestors in 52 weeks challenge initiated by Amy Johnson Crow. “The challenge: have one blog post each week devoted to a specific ancestor.”

I have written before about Samuel Proudfoot Hawkins (1819-1867), who was my great great great grandfather. He arrived in Australia just over 175 years ago.
Cherry stones p. 44  "Probably an engagement photograph, but certainly of Jeanie and Samuel Hawkins taken about 1849."
In 1839, when he was only twenty, Samuel Hawkins, 'occupation storekeeper', sailed from Greenock near Glasgow to Port Phillip (Melbourne), in the colony of New South Wales on the David Clark, the first ship to sail there directly with migrants from the United Kingdom. Hawkins travelled by himself. His eldest brother, Robert, and cousin, Thomas, had previously settled in New South Wales.1

The David Clark in 1820 coming into the harbour of Malta - image from http://members.iinet.net.au/~pymble/David%20Clark/DavidClark.html
In 1839 the David Clark was chartered to bring the first bounty immigrants from Scotland to Melbourne. She left Greenock on 15 June 1839 with a piper, John Arthur, who was later first curator of the Melbourne Botanic Gardens, playing Lochaber No More.2

The voyage was via Rio de Janeiro and the David Clark arrived at Port Phillip, Melbourne on 27 October, 1839.3

from the Caledonian Mercury 15 June 1839 page 3 retrieved through findmypast.com.au

As the Yarra at that time was unnavigable for a ship the size of the David Clark, the passengers were landed in boats at Sandridge (now Port Melbourne), the women being carried ashore by the sailors and men. Then came a long walk across the ti-tree flats and sandhills over what is now known as Fishermans Bend, Emerald Hill, (now South Melbourne) to the Queens Falls where they crossed the Yarra. Their chattels were brought on by dray and bullock wagon.4

Adamson, John (1841). MELBOURNE (Port Phillip). Lithograph similar to an engraving "Melbourne from the South Side of the Yarra Yarra 1839" Retrieved from the  State Library of Victoria http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/87604
Landing at Melbourne 1840, watercolour by W. F. E. Liardet. Original held by the State Library of Victoria. Image retreived from Wikimedia Commons.

In 1839 Port Phillip had a population of about 4,000 European settlers. The settlement on the banks of the Yarra River had commenced in 1835. It was named Melbourne in 1837.5

The Launceston Advertiser gave an account of the first experiences of the new immigrants to Port Phillip. After the five month voyage, the 229 immigrants were accommodated in tents, a temporary refuge set up by Lieutenant-Governor La Trobe. Most of the men and all of the women found employment immediately. On the evening of their arrival they danced in the open under the moonlight to the sound of bagpipes. Later that night they went to see a corroboree being held about a mile away.

PORT PHILLIP PAPERS—To Nov. 9th. (1839, November 21). Launceston Advertiser (Tas. : 1829 - 1846), p. 1 Supplement: SUPPLEMENT.. Retrieved January 5, 2015, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84756256

In October 1839 Samuel Proudfoot Hawkins was employed by the surveyor Robert Russell.

State Records Authority of New South Wales; Kingswood New South Wales, Australia; Persons on bounty ships arriving at Port Phillip (Agent's Immigrant Lists); Series: 5318; Reel: 2143A; Item: [4/4813]. Retrieved through ancestry.com.au. Samuel Hawkins is passenger 13 in the list of single men.
..........

Notes
1. Hudson, Helen Lesley Cherry stones : adventures in genealogy of Taylor, Hutcheson, Hawkins of Scotland, Plaisted, Green, Hughes of England and Wales ... who immigrated to Australia between 1822 and 1850. H.L. Hudson, [Berwick] Vic, 1985. p. 38
Janson, Elizabeth. "They Came by the David Clark in 1839." In Victoria before 1848. OoCities.org, 1999. retrieved 04 Nov. 2013. <http://www.oocities.org/vic1847/ship/david39.html>. ↩

2. PIONEER VOYAGE MEMORIES. (1939, October 26). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 6. Retrieved January 5, 2015, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11231997 ↩
3. THE LABOUR SHORTAGE WAS DESPERATE —IN 1839. (1950, June 17). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 26 Supplement: Weekend Magazine. Retrieved January 5, 2015, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22836148
Pymble, Lance. "David Clark." 1 Oct. 2009. Web. 4 Jan. 2015. <http://members.iinet.net.au/~pymble/David Clark/DavidClark.html>. ↩

4 Ward, Andrew. Port Phillip Heritage Review Version 15. Vol. 1., 2011. p. 16. Issuu. City of Port Phillip, 2011. Web. 05 Jan. 2015. <http://issuu.com/copponline/docs/120815015045-783dc9e9e1e044da8708329c8365cf4d/16>. ↩
5. "1830s Melbourne Named and Settled." Immigration to Victoria - a Timeline. Museum Victoria, 15 Feb. 2011. Web. 5 Jan. 2015. <http://museumvictoria.com.au/discoverycentre/websites-mini/immigration-timeline/1830s/>. ↩

Saturday, 26 April 2014

W is for Wick, Caithness

My great great grandmother Margaret Cudmore née  Budge (1845-1912) came from Wick, Caithness. Her father, Kenneth Budge (1813-1852), was a seaman. After his death, her mother Margaret Gunn (1819-1863) remarried and emigrated to Australia with her children and second husband.

Wick was an important herring port. My great great great grandfather shipped herring from Wick to ports on the Baltic sea.

Wick harbour 1867 retrieved from http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usebooks/naylor-johnogroats/04.html


Herring gutters Wick 1913 Retrieved from Dornoch History Links image library http://www.historylinksarchive.org.uk/picture/number11780.asp


From a collection of 44 monochrome postcards showing fishing scenes around Scotland in the early 20th century. Monchrome photograph with the title 'Herring Gutters at work, Wick' showing three large trench style benchs full of herring with men and women on each side gutting herring. There are stacked fish barrels behind them with the masts of fishing vessels in the harbour in the background. Retrieved from Dornoch History Links image library http://www.historylinksarchive.org.uk/picture/number11794.asp


Last month Sue Adams wrote about Soundtoll Registers on the Worldwide Genealogy Blog. Soundtolls were taxes imposed by the king of Denmark on ships passing through the narrow strait, the Sound, between Sweden and Denmark,. The records run from 1497 to 1857. The toll house was at Elsinore.

I searched the database of the Soundtoll Registers for Kenneth Budge and found five entries, three from Wick and two from Inverkeithing. The two Inverkeithing records are for the same voyage on the same day.

Date 16 September 1850, master K. Budge from Wick. The voyage was between Wick and Stettin. Sondtoll register film 363 image 147 from http://dietrich.soundtoll.nl/public/toon.php?fnr=363&sid=147
On 16 September 1850 K. Budge from Wick was sailing from Wick to Stettin with a cargo of sild [herring]. Stettin is present day Szczecin in Poland on the Baltic sea. In the nineteenth century it was a major Prussian port connected with Prussian and Pomeranian cities by rail from 1843.

On 9 October 1850 K. Budge from Wick was sailing from Stettin to London with a cargo of zink [zinc] and staver [translates as spells but this does not make sense, perhaps staves of wood].

On 2 July 1851 K. Budge of Wick was sailing from Kønigsberg to Liverpool with a cargo of 3460 Scheffel Ærter [3460 bushels of peas]. Kønigsberg is today known as Kaliningrad. It is on the Baltic and was the capital of East Prussia.

On 10 August 1852 K. Budge of Inverkeithing, was sailing from Wick to the Baltic sea with a cargo of sild [herring] and 2 heste [horses]. Inverkeithing is near Edinburgh, 240 miles south of Wick. I am not certain why there are two separate records apparently two pages apart for the voyage other than that two different sorts of cargo  are involved.

On this last voyage Kenneth Budge died of cholera. From the John O'Groat Journal Friday 10 September 1852

THE MARY RODGERS. -  This vessel which belongs to Bo'ness, is reported in the Shipping Gazette of the 4th instant as having left Elsinore on the 30th ult.; and in the same paper she is again reported as having put into the same port, with master and one man dead of cholera. This vessel left Wick on the 30th July, herring laden, for Dantzic, and was commanded by Mr Kenneth Budge, of this place, son of the late Mr Donald Budge, shipmaster, Wick. The owner of the Mary Rodgers was on board when the vessel left Wick.



View Kenneth Budge's voyages in a larger map

Related posts:

Friday, 11 April 2014

J is for Jacobite rebellion

My sixth great grandfather was Edward Mainwaring (1709-1795),  who lived at Whitmore in Staffordshire.

Edward Mainwaring is mentioned in A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Enjoying Territorial Possessions Or High Official Rank: But Uninvested with Heritable Honours, Volume 3, 1836 by John Burke republished as an ebook by Google at http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qf4GAAAAQAAJ.
Edward Mainwaring inherited, together with the possessions, the principles of his protestant ancestors, and signalized himself by his great zeal in repelling the invasion of Charles Edward in 1745, against whom he marched to Derby, at the head of his tenantry.  ... (page 592)
The invasion of Charles Edward in 1745 is better known today as the Jacobite rising of 1745, or "The 'Forty-Five". It was the attempt by Charles Edward Stuart (1720-1788), the Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie, to regain the British throne for the exiled House of Stuart.

My great grand uncle James Gordon Cavenagh-Mainwaring (1865 - 1938) wrote a history of the Mainwaring family back to the entry of Whitmore estate in the Domesday Book of 1068. (Cavenagh-Mainwaring, James Gordon The Mainwarings of Whitmore and Biddulph in the County of Stafford. An account of the family, and its connections by marriage and descent; with special reference to the Manor of Whitmore. J.G. Cavenagh-Mainwaring, about 1935.) He says of Edward:
In the Scottish Rebellion of 1745, Edward Mainwaring showed great activity and marched at the head of his tenantry against the invaders. Ward in his "History of Stoke-upon-Trent" quotes a contemporary writer, who, in a letter to a friend in London, stated "I was at Whitmore with Squire Mainwaring, the day before Christmas Day, and he told me we had taken about a hundred of them and killed about thirty, and they had killed about ten of ours; and we look every day when the Duke overtakes the whole body of them." (page 87) 
 The history to which Gordon refers is probably John Ward History of the Borough of Stoke on Trent, Simpkin Marshall, London, 1838. There was also an edition published in 1843.

portrait of Edward Mainwaring (1709-1794) from The Mainwarings of Whitmore, opposite page 87


The Jacobites entered England on 8 November. They besieged Carlisle for two days until they surrendered on 15 November. On 23 November the defence of Manchester was abandoned. The Jacobites reached Derby on 4 December. Derby is over 170 miles south from the Scottish border and less than 40 miles east of Whitmore. More importantly Derby is only 127 miles from London.



From Derby the Jacobites retreated. It was probably not due to Mainwaring's intervention. Prince Charles and his advisors decided to return to Scotland because of rumours that they were about to face a huge Government army.The Jacobites had good reason to be afraid of an English offensive.

Carlisle was besieged from 21 to 30 December and the Jacobites lost control of the city.

The Jacobites were finally defeatedby the Duke of Cumberland, the son of George II, at the Battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746.

I don't know if Edward Mainwaring fought against the Jacobites after their retreat from Derby.

Sunday, 26 January 2014

Australia Day: Climbing our family's gum tree


My children have fifty-one direct ancestors who were immigrants to Australia. It has been quite a job to gather and arrange this information about them.

My first ancestor to arrive in Australia was my fifth great grandfather George Taylor (1758 - 1828). He came to Tasmania in 1822 with wife Mary née  Low (1765 -1850) and his family. His descendants still run Valleyfield near Longford, the property he and his sons farmed.
"Valleyfield" Epping Tas. The "Taylors" have lived here for over 100 years. , about 1914 - about 1941 Photograph in the collection of the State Library of Victoria. Accession number H22546. A.C. Dreier postcard collection. Retrieved from
https://www.slv.vic.gov.au/pictoria/gid/slv-pic-aab47005


Were there any convicts? There are no convicts on my side. On my husband Greg's side we know that Caroline Clarke, his great great grandmother who married George Young, was born in New South Wales about 1835. We haven't been able to trace her parents, so perhaps they were convicts.
Where did our ancestors come from? Twenty-six from England, seven from Scotland, two from Wales, eight from Ireland, and four from Germany.  One of our English forebears was born in India. There are at least four immigrants in the list of fifty-one that I know nothing about.



Did any of our ancestors arrive under their own financial steam? Many paid their own passage, and there were some assisted immigrants.  Only one seems to have worked his way to Australia. This was John Plowright, who stated when admitted to Maryborough Hospital in 1873 that he had arrived in the colony on the Speculation from London about 1853 and his occupation was mariner.  He wasn't listed as a deserter but perhaps he signed off to go to the goldfields.
How many ancestors came as singles? couples? families? Thirty-two of the fifty-one immigrants, or sixty percent, came as families. Thirteen came as single immigrants and there was only one couple without children: John and Sarah Way.
Did one person lead the way and others follow? There are quite a few instances of this. 
  • The de Crespignys probably came because Charlotte's brothers had been given jobs by Governor Latrobe. 
  • The Edwards probably came because Mary's sister Sarah and her husband Francis Tuckfield were already in Australia. 
  • Philip Chauncy followed his sisters, who had arrived in Adelaide two years previously. 
  • The Plaisteds followed Ann's sister and brother, who had arrived twelve years earlier in Adelaide. 
  • Isabella Hutcheson née Taylor followed her parents and brothers to Tasmania in about 1833 after the death of her husband.  She came with five young children.
  • My grandfather came first after the war and his wife and daughter joined him ten months later. My grandfather was the only immigrant to arrive by air.
Which state(s)/colony did our ancestors arrive? Eight arrived in Tasmania, eighteen in Victoria, fifteen in South Australia, two in Western Australia and four migrated to the Australian Capital Territory.

Forty-two, or ninety percent, of our forty-seven immigrant ancestors arrived before 1855, one arrived in 1888, and the remaining four arrived in the middle of the twentieth century after World War 2.

Number of arrivals by year of arrival:

1822 1833 1835 1836 1838 1839 1840 1849 1850 1852 1853 1854 1888 1949 1950 1960
2 2 3 1 2 2 3 6 3 3 6 9 1 1 2 1
Did they settle and remain in one state/colony? No, for example
  • the Ways moved from South Australia to Victoria and then to New South Wales
  • the Ralphs moved from Victoria to South Australia
  • the Plaisteds and the Hughes moved from South Australia to Victoria
  • the Cudmores and Nihills moved from Tasmania to South Australia
  • the Hutchesons moved from Tasmania to Victoria
  • Philip Chauncy moved from South Australia to Western Australia to Victoria
Did any of our ancestors leave Australia and go “home”? William Snell Chauncy visited his children in South Australia for only twelve months before returning to England. Gordon Mainwaring and his wife Mary née Hickey both died in England as did their son-in-law, Wentworth Cavenagh-Mainwaring. My grandparents and mother visited Germany.

generated by https://www.tagxedo.com inspired by the image by Sharon at https://shazlex.blogspot.com.au/2014/01/australia-day-challenge-2014.html who also responded to the challenge

Monday, 9 September 2013

The death of Kenneth Budge (1813 - 1852)

My very great thanks to Laurena who has so generously shared some research with me relating to the Budge and Cudmore families.  Although she is only very distantly related to these families by marriage she had come across some research which solved a long standing puzzle for me.  Unfortunately ancestry.com's notification system is very unreliable and I was unaware that she had let me know of her finds until she sent me a follow-up message.  I am indeed very grateful and my silence did not mean my lack of interest!

I wrote a couple of months ago about Kenneth's wife Margaret Gunn. They married in 1840 and had five children:
  1. Donald, also known as Daniel, (1841 - 1895)
  2. Kenneth George (1842 - 1878)
  3. Alexandrina (1844 - ? : died young)
  4. Margaret (1845 - 1912), my great great grandmother who married James Francis Cudmore
  5. Alexandrina (1851 - 1911)
When Margaret married James Francis Cudmore in 1867 the marriage announcements referred to her as the daughter of the late Captain Kenneth Budge.  I had a great difficulty in finding Margaret's and her family's immigration and had never found her father's death.  I had worked out that the death must have been about 1853 based on Margaret's remarriage.  The death preceded civil registration and I had not found a burial record.  I thought he must have died at sea but had not found any newspaper mentions.


Laurena has located a key newspaper article telling of the fate of my great great great grandfather, filling in some of my family history and also adding another generation. 

From the John O'Groat Journal Friday 10 September 1852
THE MARY RODGERS. -  This vessel which belongs to Bo'ness, is reported in the Shipping Gazette of the 4th instant as having left Elsinore on the 30th ult.; and in the same paper she is again reported as having put into the same port, with master and one man dead of cholera. This vessel left Wick on the 30th July, herring laden, for Dantzic, and was commanded by Mr Kenneth Budge, of this place, son of the late Mr Donald Budge, shipmaster, Wick. The owner of the Mary Rodgers was on board when the vessel left Wick.
Another article on the same subject from the Newcastle Guardian and Tyne Mercury  Saturday 11 September 1852: 
Elsinore, Aug.30 - The brig Corinthian, from Newcastle, was towed up from Hornbeck to these roads to-day. The schooner, Mary, Rodgers, of Boiness, from Danzig, has put in here; master and one man dead of cholera.

Saturday, 29 June 2013

Margaret Gunn (1819 - 1863)

Margaret Gunn was born 26 February 1819 in Auchingill near Wick, Caithness, Scotland. She was the daughter of Donald Gunn (1783 - 1870), a farmer, and Alexandrina Manson (1786 - 1881). She was baptised in 1819 by the Reverend James Smith of Canisbay; the witnesses were William Gunn, farmer, Auchingill, and Margaret Miller, Auchingill.

Old parish register image retrieved from ScotlandsPeople.gov.uk
GUNNMARGARETDONALD GUNN/ALEXANDRINA MANSONFWICK/CAITHNESS043/00 0030 0390
Auchingill was a coastal village in the parish of Canisbay, ten miles north of Wick. (Descriptive Gazetteer Entry for Auchingill from John Bartholomew, Gazetteer of the British Isles (1887) retrieved from http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/entry_page.jsp?text_id=1863250# )  The village is not found on modern maps such as Google maps.

Margaret was the seventh of nine children born to Donald and Alexandrina. 

On 17 June 1840 Margaret married Kenneth Budge, a seaman, at South Leith parish church, Edinburgh.  Both were living at South Leith at the time.

Old parish register image retrieved from ScotlandsPeople.gov.uk
In 1841 the Budge family were living in Staxigoe.  Kenneth was a fisherman and their son Donald (also sometimes known as Daniel) was two months old at the time of the census on 6 June 1841.  He was christened at Wick on 4 June.

Staxigoe is a former fishing village two miles east of Wick.  In the mid 1800s it was the largest herring salting station in Europe. (Staxigoe, Ports and Harbours of the UK http://www.ports.org.uk/port.asp?id=581 )

Staxigoe harbour 1890s from the Johnston collection (http://www.johnstoncollection.net). Comments associated with the photograph noted that all the buildings along cliff top were demolished and used as hard core for the runways of Wick Aerodrome.
At the time of the census in 1851 on 31 March Margaret was living in Breadalbane Terrace, Wick. Her husband was away and she was recorded as a sailor's wife.  With her were three children: Donald aged 10, Kenneth aged 8 and Margret aged 5.

Breadalbane terrace in the 1920s from the Johnston collection.
There had been another child, Alexandrina, christened on 26 September 1844 and born on 26 June.  Death records for Wick before 1855 are not available.  There are also no relevant headstone records.

On 4 May 1851 Margaret and Kenneth's fifth child, again called Alexandrina, was born at Wick.

By 1851 it seems that Kenneth was master of the vessel “Sisters “ which was involved in coastal trade and whose crew apparently sometimes included his brother-in-law William Gunn. (Information from Deborah Patterson, a descendant of William Gunn)

In about 1853 Kenneth Budge, seaman died. I have not found any records of his death, death records for Wick before 1855 are not available and there appears to be no headstone in the cemetery. Update: thanks to a newspaper article found by a very distant cousin I now know he died at sea of cholera in August 1852 - see my later blog post on his death.

Margaret remarried on 10 June 1854 at Wick to Ewan Rankin, a carpenter of Pulteney Town, Wick.
Old parish register image retrieved from ScotlandsPeople.gov.uk

On 15 July 1854 Margaret, Ewan and Margaret's children set off from Liverpool on board the "Dirigo" bound for Australia. A cholera outbreak on board forced the ship to turn back from Cork to Liverpool. The voyage recommenced on 9 August and they arrived in South Australia on 22 November 1854. It seems that the ship was new.

DIRIGO from 1858 Lloyds Register Rigging: Ship; sheathed in felt and yellow metal in 1858 ; fastened with iron bolts Master: Captain White Tonnage: 1,152 tons Construction: 1854 in New Brunswick, using Tamarack, Oak, Pine & Birch ; some repairs in 1856; repairs to damages in 1857 Owners: Coltart & Co. Port of registry: Liverpool Port of survey: Liverpool Voyage: sailed for Australia


...
Rankin Ewen 29 Carpenter - Caithness
Margaret 35
Daniel 12
Kenneth 11
Margaret 9
Alexandrina 2


from The Ships List http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/australia/dirigo1854.htm


Ewan Rankin was among 118 passengers who signed a memorial concerning the cholera outbreak:

To the Government Colonial Land an Emigration Commissioners.
The Humble Memorial of the Passengers per Ship Dirigo.
Most humbly showeth,
That we consider the ship Dirigo quite unfit for us passengers to proceed in, as she is at all times damp, and very much given to leakage. We have the opinion of many of the sailors as to the above-mentioned fact, together with our own experience. We were on board for 14 days, and during that length of time she was constantly wet ; and we consider that the damp state of the ship tended greatly to the progress of the disease we had amongst the passengers.
Memorialists are ready to give their sworn testimony as to the facts stated in this memorial.
The passengers beg leave to state that our medical attendant allowed diseased passengers to come on board, which we consider was the first and principal cause of the fatal disease that swept so many of our passengers to an untimely end, as the passengers up to that unfortunate day were free from any infectious disease.
Many of the memorialists further beg to state that the doctor wilfully neglected to attend many of the dying when called upon to do so, he not being occupied at the time more than walking on deck. Memorialists have many minor complaints to make that they consider too numerous to put here, as they hope for an inquiry into the whole case.
And memorialists, as in duty bound, shall ever pray.

The majority of the 118 who signed the memorial re-embarked on the Dirigo. (from http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/australia/dirigocork1854.shtml )



South Australian Register Thursday 23rd November 1854 Wednesday, November 22nd :-
the ship Dirigo, 1,282 tons, Trevellick, Master, from Liverpool August 8th 1854 Passengers:— Mrs. Mulville & Misses Ann, Ellen and Mary Mulville, and Master D. Mulville in the cabin. — 26th ship from England to S.A. with 484 government passengers for 1854 ; 12 births and 14 deaths on the passage ; William L. Echlin, surgeon-superintendent. ship Dirigo ... sailed from Birkenhead in early July 1854, but was forced to go into Queenstown (Cork) due to cholera aboard. The ship was towed back to Liverpool by the steam vessel Minerva, arriving there on July 10th 1854. Arrangements were made to fashion a temporary hospital but met with resistance from local people. Of the 518 passengers and 51 crew-members, there were 44 deaths recorded as of July 11th. ...

The Dirigo . . . Arrived from Liverpool on the 22nd November, after a passage of 107 days. She landed 482 immigrants. Fourteen deaths and twelve births took place at sea. This ship arrived in a very excellent order. The cleanliness, general management and discipline of the people reflected the highest credit on Mr. W.L. Echlin, the surgeon-superintendent. The ship itself was of a first class character for emigrants, having ample room and height between decks, and was well ventilated. The male and female hospitals were large and convenient. The Surgeon-superintendent speaks highly of the efficient support and co-operation he received from the master and all the officers of the ship. The mortality, with one exception was confined to young and delicate children, and was caused by diarrhoea.

The Surgeon-superintendent seems to have had more trouble with enforcing the regulations among the single men, than all the others on board. He speaks highly of the conduct of the single women, who were a well selected set of persons, and adapted for the requirements of the Colony.

In this ship the baking succeeded better than usual. the size of the oven precluded the possibility of baking twice in the week, a sufficient to supply all the emigrants with soft bread twice a week. The yeast used was made by using what the surgeon called porter bottoms, and answered well. The form and size of loaves found the best, were those baked in square tins, containing 2lbs each, supplied by the Commissioners for the use of emigrants. The oven contained twenty six tins and the time required for each batch was about two hours; the 12oz. of flour yielded about 14½oz. of bread. I have been thus particular in describing the system of baking adopted on board the Dirago because in all other ships the baking of soft bread has turned out quite a failure. The first requisite to ensure success is to appoint a man as baker who is properly qualified and who ought to prove his efficiency by baking good bread before the ship is despatched to sea; and sufficient space should be given so that his work may be done properly. The surgeon-superintendent suggests that one or two extra floor plates for the oven should be sent, as the first, from continual use, is burnt through before the ending of the voyage. I think that in all respects the Dirago was the model of an emigrant ship.

I uncovered the remarriage of Margaret and her emigration with her children under the surname Rankin due to a report of a plaque on her grave:
Murray Pioneer, Friday May 6, 1994; - COUPLE UNCOVER HISTORIC PLAQUE: - A brass plaque of historical interest has been discovered by a Berri couple. - Mrs Sue Laidlaw and husband, Tim, when cleaning a block of land north of Berri recently, came across a plaque which dated back to 1863. They communicated their discovery to Riverland historian, Ms Heather Everingham, who quickly realised the importance of the Laidlaw's find. The plaque reads - "Presented by EWIN RANKIN in memory of his beloved spouse, MARGARET GUNN, who departed this life at Bookmark on the second day of Sept 1863. Aged 41 Years. Oh Death where is thy Sting. Oh Grave where is thy Victory." It had been stolen from the tombstone of one of the first woman settlers in the Riverland. Ms Everingham said the plaque had been missing from the grave site since the early 1950's. The historic grave was situated between Dishers Creek and old Calperum Station. About one and a half kilometres from the river, above the floodplain, in an area of red sand and hop bushes. The grave was originally enclosed by a wrought iron fence, which was also stolen more than a decade ago. All that remains at the site today, are some chiselled stone blocks which once formed the base of the fence. The plaque discovery sparked an investigation into the identity of Margaret Gunn and her husband. Renmark Historian Mr Brian Glenie, obtained a death certificate, lodged at Adelaide, which stated the woman died of liver disease. Also, a newspaper report at the time read;- RANKIN, On September 1, at Bookmark, River Murray, Margaret Gunn, daughter of Daniel Gunn, Staxigoe, Wick, Caithness, Scotland, the dearly beloved wife of Ewin Rankin, of the same place, aged 41 years. Much regretted by all who knew her. - Ewin Rankin was apparently the overseer of Bookmark, at the time, when that property belonged to John Chambers.

The plaque has been restored by Ms Barbara Smith of the Renmark National Trust, and will take pride of place at "Olivewood", the Chaffey Brothers historic homestead/museum, at Renmark.



from Lonely Graves in the Murray Valley http://users.esc.net.au/~pereilly/grave.htm

Death notice in the South Australian Register of 7 October 1863 on page 2

I have not found any details of the death of Ewan Rankin.

Margaret Gunn was my third great grandmother.